Peritoneal Cancer

Martin Eisen asked:




 

4. Tai Chi for Stress-related Symptoms

Control of Hypertension

In Wang et al.’s recent review (4) of Tai Chi, four studies (two with randomized control) were discussed in terms of its effects on hypertension, and all of them reported that it significantly decreased blood pressure among hypertensive patients.

The results in (11) suggest that light activity and moderate intensity aerobic exercise have similar effects on BP in previously sedentary elderly individuals. If future trials with large sample size and a no-exercise control group confirm these results, promoting light intensity activity could have substantial public health benefits as a means to reduce BP.

This study (13) examined the effects of Tai Chi vs. aerobic exercise for victims of heart attacks, comparing them to a cardiac support group as control.  Resting heart rate declined in the Tai Chi group, but curiously, not in the aerobics group in this study. Both the Tai Chi and aerobics groups showed a drop on systolic blood pressure, but only the Tai Chi group showed a drop in diastolic blood pressure.

Improvement of Cardiovascular Conditions

Wang et al. (4) reviewed 16 studies of Tai Chi in patients with cardiorespiratory conditions and reported that its regular practice will delay the decline of cardiorespiratory function in older adults and might be prescribed as a suitable exercise.

One of the few studies to focus on serious Tai Chi practitioners, mostly people in their 60’s, who had been practicing the new Yang Long form for 3-10 years, appears in (10). They practiced 3-7 times a week, with an average frequency of 5 times a week. A fairly rigorous practice: 20 minutes of warm-up exercises, 24 minutes of practicing the form paced by the Master, and 10 minutes of cool-down. This study compares these Tai Chi practitioners to a group of sedentary peers matched for age and body size, and looks at cardiorespiratory declines over a two-year period. It has some heart rate profiles that seem to indicate moderate aerobic benefit in older practitioners (this benefit has not been demonstrated in younger subjects).

In (12), changes in heart rate and electrocardiogram were recorded by telemetry in 100 volunteers who were regularly doing a Yang simplified (short) form. During the exercise, the change in heart rate was not very marked and no important electrocardiographic changes were recorded. Thus, it was speculated that the possible beneficial effect of Tai chi on the cardiovascular system cannot be attributed solely to the amount of exercise provided by Tai Chi and additional mechanisms must be sought. The author notes that “16 male and 10 female hypertensives reported a gradual normalization in blood pressure cutting the need for medication entirely or reducing the doses.”

The study (18) concluded that Tai Chi was a culturally appropriate mind-body exercise for older adults with cardiovascular risk disease factors. Statistically significant psychosocial benefits were observed over 12-weeks. Further research examining Tai Chi exercise using a randomized clinical trial design with an attention-control group may reduce potential confounding effects, while exploring potential mechanisms underlying the relaxation response associated with mind-body exercise. In addition, future studies with people with other chronic illnesses in all ethnic groups are recommended to determine if similar benefits can be achieved.  The authors were unaware of an earlier study (19) on the beneficial effects of Tai chi for dialysis patients.

This research (21) compared the effects of a short style of Tai Chi versus a brisk walking training program on aerobic capacity, heart rate variability (HRV), strength, flexibility, balance.  They found Tai Chi to be an effective way to improve many fitness measures in elderly women over a 3-month period  It was also significantly better than brisk walking in enhancing certain measures of fitness, including lower extremity strength, balance and flexibility, psychological status, and quality of life.  

Reduction of Chronic Pain Syndrome and Arthritis Symptoms

Pain and fatigue significantly decreased in the experimental group in (14).  However, the improvement in daily life performance of the rheumatoid arthritis patients was not statistically significant but their sense of balance was enhanced significantly.

Sun-style Tai Chi exercise (6) was found as beneficial for women with osteoarthritis to reduce their perceived arthritic symptoms and to healthier behavior.

In the short term study (15), the beneficial outcomes for Tai Chi group and aquatic group were significantly better than the self-help group. Tai Chi may be more suitable than aquatic exercise for osteoarthritis. Further longitudinal studies are necessary to confirm these results.  Similar conclusions were reached in another study (16) comparing Tai Chi and an aquatic group for rheumatoid arthritis.

The results (17) suggest Tai Chi does not exacerbate symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis. In addition, Tai Chi has statistically significant benefits on lower extremity range of motion, in particular ankle range of motion, for people with RA. The included studies did not assess the effects on patient-reported pain.

The objective of this systematic review (25) is to evaluate data from controlled clinical trials testing the effectiveness of Tai Chi for treating rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Systematic searches were conducted on Medline, Pubmed, AMED, British Nursing Index, CINAHL, EMBASE, PsycInfo, The Cochrane Library 2007, Issue 1, the UK National Research Register and ClinicalTrials.gov, Korean medical databases, Qigong and Energy Medicine Database and Chinese databases up to January 2007. 

Collectively this evidence is not convincing enough to suggest that Tai Chi is an effective treatment for RA. The value of Tai Chi for this indication therefore remains unproven.

Reduction of Anxiety and Depression

In (20), significant improvements in trait anxiety, pain perception, mood, flexibility, and balance were obtained.  These may have a profound effect on the incidence of falls, injuries, resulting disability, and overall quality of life.

The study (22) aimed to assess the usefulness of two interventions in a group rehabilitation medicine setting and to determine strategies and exercise guidelines for long-term care of the HIV/AIDS population with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and/or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).  It concluded that that Tai Chi and exercise improve physiologic parameters, functional outcomes, and quality of life. Group intervention provides a socialization context for management of chronic HIV disease. Further long and short term studies are required.

The effects on blood pressure, lipid profile, and anxiety status on subjects in a 12-week Tai Chi Chuan exercise program were studied (23).   It concluded that Tai Chi exercise training could decrease blood pressure and results in favorable lipid profile changes and improve subjects’ anxiety status. Therefore, Tai Chi could be used as an alternative modality in treating patients with mild hypertension, with a promising economic effect.

Another paper on the  beneficial effect of Tai Chi on depression in older individuals appears in (26).

Immunity

At rest the total number of T-lymphocytes and the number of active T-lymphocytes were increased significantly in the exercise group compared with the controls (8). Immediately after a bout of Tai Chi (88 style), a marked increase of active T-lymphocytes occurred. In conclusion, the results indicate that frequent Tai Chi exercise causes an increase of T-lymphocytes in the blood.

According to a new study (24), Tai Chi may help older adults

avoid getting shingles by increasing immunity to varicella-zoster virus (VZV) and boosting the immune response to varicella vaccine in older adults.  Tai Chi alone was found to increase participants’ immunity to varicella as much as the vaccine typically produces in 30- to 40-year-old adults, and Tai Chi combined with the vaccine produced a significantly higher

level of immunity, about a 40 percent increase, over that produced by the vaccine alone. The study further showed that the Tai Chi group’s rate of increase in immunity over the course of the 25-week study was double that of the health education (control) group. The Tai Chi and health education groups’ VCV immunity had been similar when the study began.  In addition, the Tai Chi group reported significant improvements in physical functioning, bodily pain, vitality and mental health. Both groups

showed significant declines in the severity of depressive symptoms.

Previous studies have suggested that Tai Chi may improve immune function. This study (27) was intended to examine whether 5 months of moderate Tai Chi and Qigong (TQ) practice could improve the immune response to influenza vaccine in older adults. It concluded that traditional TQ practice improves the antibody response to influenza vaccine in older adults.  However, further study is needed to determine whether the enhanced response is sufficient to provide definitive protection from influenza infection.

 



References



1. Eisen, M., Qigong and Taiji application in stress management. Part 2: Qigong for stress, Qi Dao, Jan. – Feb., 2008.

2. Achiron A., Barak Y., Stern Y., Noy S. Electrical sensation during Tai-Chi practice as the first manifestation of multiple sclerosis,” Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery, 99, 280-281, 1997.

3. Sandlund, E. S., & Norlander, T. The effects of Tai Chi Chuan relaxation and exercise on stress responses and well-being: An overview of research. International Journal of Stress Management,7(2), 139–149, April 2000.

4. Wang, C. C., Collet, J. P., & Lau, J. The effect of Tai Chi on health outcomes in patients with chronic conditions. Archive of Internal Medicine, 164, 493–501, 2004.

5. Kuramoto, A. M. Therapeutic benefits of Tai Chi exercise: research review. WMI, 6, 105(7), 42-6, Oct. 2006.

6. Song, R., Lee, E.O., Lam. P. Bae, S.C. Effects of a Sun-style Tai Chi exercise on arthritic symptoms, motivation and the performance of health behaviors in women with osteoarthritis. Taehan Kanho Hakhoe Chi, 37(2),249-56, March 2007.

7. Jin, P.. Changes in heart rate, noradrenaline, cortisol and mood during Tai Chi. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, Vol. 33, No. 2, 197-206, 1989. Sun, X., Xu Y., Xia Y. Determination of E-rosette-forming lymphocytes in aged subjects with Taichiquan exercise. Int J Sports med, Vol.10, No 3, 217-219, 1989.

8.

9. Jin, P. Efficacy of Tai Chi, brisk walking, meditation, and reading in reducing mental and emotional stress. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, Vol. 36, No. 4, 361-370, 1992.

10. Lai, J., Lan, C., Wong, M., and Teng, S. Two-year trends in cardiorespiratory function among older Tai Chi Chuan practitioners and sedentary subjects. Journal of the American Geriatric Society, Vol. 43: 1222-1227, 1995.

11. Young, D.R., Appel, L.J., Jee, S. The effects of aerobic exercise and T’ai Chi on blood pressure in the elderly,”, Circulation v. 97(#8), 54-P54, March 3, 1998.

12. Gong, L, Qian J., Zhang J., Yang Q., Jiang J., and Tao Q. Changes in heart rate and electrocardiogram during Taijiquan exercise; analysis by telemetry in 100 subjects. Chinese Medical Journal 94(9), 589-592, 1981.

13. Channer, K.S., Barrow, D., Barrow, R., Osborne, M., and Ives, G. Changes in haemodynamic parameters following Tai Chi Chuan and aerobic exercise in patients recovering from acute myocardial infarction. Postgraduate Medical Journal, 349-351, 1990.

14. Lee, K.Y. and Jeong, O. Y. The effect of Tai Chi movement in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Taehan Kanho Hakhoe Chi, 36(2),278-85, 2006.

15. Lee, H.Y. Comparison of effects among Tai-Chi exercise, aquatic exercise, and a self-help program for patients with knee osteoarthritis. Taehan Kanho Hakhoe Chi, 36(3), 571-80, 2006.

16. Kirsteins, A.E.; Dietz, F.; Hwang, S.M. Evaluating the safety and potential use of a weight-bearing exercise, Tai-Chi Chuan, for rheumatoid arthritis patients. Am. J. Phys. Med. Rehabil., 70(3), 136-41, 1991.

17. Han, A., Robinson, V., Judd, M., Taixiang, W., Wells G.; Tugwell, P. Tai Chi for treating rheumatoid arthritis. Cochtane Database Syst. Rev., (3), CD004859, 2004.

18. Taylor-Piliae, R.E., Haskell, W.L., Waters, C.M.; Froelicher, E.S. J. Adv. Nurs., 54(3), 313-29, 2006.

19. Mustata, S., Cooper, L., Langrick, N., Simon, N., Jassal, S.V,; Oreopoulos, D.G. The effect of a Tai Chi exercise program on quality of life in patients on peritoneal dialysis: a pilot study. Perit. Dial. Int., 25(3), 291 – 4, 2005.

20. Ross, M.C., Bohannon, A.S., Davis, D.C.; Gurchiek, L. The effects of a short-term exercise program on movement, pain, and mood in the elderly. Results of a pilot study. J. Holist. Nurs., Jun;17(2):139-47, 1999.

21 Audette, J.F., Jin, Y.S. , Newcomer, R., Stein, L. Duncan G., Duncan, G.; frontera, W.R. Tai Chi versus brisk walking in elderly women. Age Aging. Jul;35(4),388-93, 2006.

22. Galantino, M.L., Shepard, K., Krafft, L., Laperriere, A., Ducette, J., Sorbello, A., Barnish, M., Condoluci, D.; Farrar JT. The effect of group aerobic exercise and t’ai chi on functional outcomes and quality of life for persons living with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. J. Altern. Complement. Med. Dec;11(6),1085-9, 2005.

23. Tsai JC, Wang WH, Chan P, Lin LJ, Wang CH, Tomlinson B, Hsieh MH, Yang HY, Liu JC. The beneficial effects of Tai Chi Chuan on blood pressure and lipid profile and anxiety status in a randomized controlled trial. J Altern Complement Med. Oct;9(5):747-54, 2003.

24. Irwin, M.R., et al. Augmenting immune responses to varicella zoster virus in older adults: A randomized, controlled trial of Tai chi for rheumatoid arthritis: systematic review 25. Lee et al. Tai chi for rheumatoid arthritis: systematic review. Rheumatology (Oxford), Nov., 46(11),1648-51, 2007..

26. Chou, K.L., Lee, P.W., Yu, E.C., Macfarlane, D., Cheng, Y.H., Chan, S.S.; Chi, I. Effect of Tai Chi on depressive symptoms amongst Chinese older patients with depressive disorders: a randomized clinical trial. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry, Nov;19(11):1105-7, 2004.

 



Corey

Kyle J. Norton asked:


As we mentioned in previous article, critical illness insurance is a type of insurance which will pay a lump tax free benefit to the insured if he is diagnosis of one of the critical illnesses covered by the policy. The benefit is intended to help insured persons maintain their quality of life and financial independence after suffering a life-threatening illness. In this article, we will give you the definitions of illness that are covered in the policy.

Medical wording is important for an objective claim assessment and consistency in pricing the product. Diagnosis often requires specialized tests interpreted by medical experts and the definitions of covered conditions are technical and exact.

The following interpretations of conditions may vary from the policies and insurance companies

1. Heart Attack

People who suffer a heart attack will sustain damage to the heart muscle. This causes

a) Changes in the electrocardiogram (ECG) and

b) Elevation of cardiac or heart enzymes.The chance finding of ECG changes suggestive of a previous silent heart attack is not covered.

2. Coronary Artery Disease Requiring Surgery (Coronary Bypass)

The undergoing of heart surgery to correct narrowing or blockage of one or more coronary arteries with bypass grafts. This exclude any non-surgical treatment.

3. Cancer

A malignant tumor characterized by the uncontrolled growth and spread of malignant cells and the invasion of tissue. This includes leukemia and Hodgkin disease. Stage A prostate cancer will be covered only if the diagnosis is made before the policy anniversary nearest to the life insured’s age of 75.

No benefit will be payable if

a) A diagnosis of any type of cancer is made within90 days of the effective date of coverage or the date of the latest reinstatement; or

b). Any symptoms of medical problems commence within 90 days of the effective date of the coverage or the date of the latest reinstatement that initiate any investigations that lead to a diagnosis of any type of cancer.

4. Stroke

It covers all 3mechanisms that cause strokes, including:

a. Thrombosis caused by a blockage by a clot that has built up on the wall of a brain artery;

2. Embolization caused by an embolus (usually a clot) that is swept into a brain artery causing blockage;

c. Hemorrhage - caused by the rupture of a blood vessel in or near the brain’s surface. Any incident with symptoms lasting less than 24 hours is referred to as a transient ischemic attack and it does not qualify for coverage under this definition.

5. Kidney Failure

End stage renal disease, due to whatever cause or causes, with the life Insured undergoing regular peritoneal dialysis or hemodialysis or having had renal transplantation.

6. Multiple Sclerosis

Benign, chronic and acute forms of multiple sclerosis are covered under this definition. Multiple Sclerosis is an extremely difficult condition to diagnose and usually takes a number of tests to exclude other possibilities before it is confirmed. Neurological abnormalities in this context must be evidenced by the typical symptoms of demyelination with resultant impairment of the brain stem or spinal cord.

7. Major Organ Transplantation

The actual undergoing as a recipient of a transplant of a heart, lung, pancreas, kidney and bone marrow will be covered under policy/

8. Blindess

Permanent loss of sight in both eyes, as confirmed by an ophthalmologist registered with government. The benefit will be paid regardless the cause, disease or degeneration of the eye ball, the optic nerve or the nerve pathways connecting to the brain or the brain itself.

9. Deafness

Total, permanent and profound loss of hearing in both ears with an auditory threshold of more than 90 decibels and confirmed by an registered otolaryngologist.

10. Alzheimer’s Disease

The diagnosis by a doctor (who is either a certified neurologist or a certified psychiatrist) that the Life Insured has Alzheimer’s Disease, and supported by evident of a progessive degeneration of the disease.The Life Insured must exhibit the loss of intellectual capacity involving impairment of memory and judgment. The disease progresses to severe loss of memory and death usually within 10 years.

11. Paralysis

Complete and permanent loss of use of two or more limbs for a continuous period of days following the precipitating event, during which time there has no sign of improvement.

12. Parkinson’s disease

The disease is progressive, degenerative of the central nervous system and characterized by muscular rigidity, tremor and slow movements. This definition only covers idiopathic’ Parkinson’s Disease. “Idiopathic” means that the disease must have originated from an unknown cause Parkinson’s disease originating from taking certain drugs or toxic chemicals, etc. will not be covered.

13. Occupational HIV Injury

The diagnosis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) resulting from accidental injury during the course of insured’s normal occupation, which exposed the insured to HIV contaminated blood or body fluids.

Payment under this covered condition requires satisfaction of all of the following:

1. The accidental injury must be reported to the company within 14 days of its occurrence;

2. An HIV test must be taken within 14 days of the accidental injury and the result must be negative;

3. An HIV test must be taken between 90 days and 180 days after the accidental injury and the result must be positive;

4. HIV tests must be performed by facilities approved by the Company;

5. All the accidental injury must have been reported, investigated and documented in accordance with workplace guidelines;

6. The accidental injury must have occurred while the life insured was working in Canada or the United States.

No payment will be made if:

1. The Life Insured has elected not to take any available licensed vaccine offering protection against HIV; or

2. A licensed cure for HIV infection has become available prior to the accidental injury; or

3. HIV infection has occurred as a result of non-accidental injury (including, but not limited to, sexual transmission or intravenous drug use).

For more information, please visit my home page atKyle J. Norton

http://lifeanddisabitityinsuranceunderwriter.blogspot.com/

http://businessdisabilityinsurance.blogspot.com/

http://criticalillnessinsurance03.blogspot.com/

All rights reserved. Any reproducing of this article must have all the links intact.



Nellie

Groshan Fabiola asked:


Studies revealed that about a third of patients that have systemic lupus erythematosus can develop a kidney disease called lupus nephritis or lupus glomerulonephritis.Lupus nephritis usually shows very few signs. It doesn’t cause pain or burning during ********* and also it does not produce pain in the abdomen or back.The first symptom the patient with lupus nephritis usually experiences is puffiness in the legs, ankles or fingers. This happens because the loss of protein in the urine may lead to fluid retention with weight gain and swelling.

Sometimes the fact that a patient has lupus nephritis is discovered only after urine studies are made. It is very possible that if there is made another urine test, the urine abnormalities to disappear. But there are patients in which the abnormal findings on urine studies persist or can become even worse in time. This kind of patients require more studies to determine the best treatment to control the disease, because there appears the risk for loss of kidney function.

It is important to know that patients having lupus can experience some symptoms that confuse them and think they have lupus nephritis. For example infections of the urinary tract with burning on urination, or medications used in lupus treatment may produce signs that can start the confusion.There are some tests that can be done in order to find out if a patient has lupus nephritis.

Urinalysis is the most used and the most simple test to do. A urine sample is studied to find out if there is protein and blood cells which are not normally found in the urine.If in the urine sample there are found red blood cells, white blood cells, casts(excretion in the urine of protein or blood cells that collect within the tubules of the kidney), or there is discovered the presence of protein, there exists the possibility of lupus nephritis, and further tests are necessary.Sometimes, it is done a urine collection over a period of 24 hours to measure the kidneys’ ability to filter waste products.

Blood studies can also be performed, and we can mention the blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine. These are tests that are made to find out if waste products are being removed properly by the kidney and are not building up in the blood.By measuring the serum albumin, it can be determined if there is a low protein level in the blood, and chemistry studies such as the serum sodium, potassium, and bicarbonate determine the imbalances of salt and water in the blood.There can be also made blood tests in order to determine if there are abnormalities of the immune system.

An intravenous sonogram or pyelogram can be made to determine the size and shape of the kidneys. Usually this test takes place before a kidney biopsy.The kidney biopsy takes place in order to confirm the diagnosis of lupus nephritis. It is made by inserting a needle through the skin of the back and removing a tiny piece of the kidney.Then, the small part taken from the kidney is analyzed under the microscope in order to determine how much inflammation or permanent damage is present within the kidney.

There are four most common types of nephritis: focal or diffuse proliferative nephritis, mesangial nephritis and membranous nephritis.

The treatment for lupus nephritis must be individualized, because there are different patients having different needs. It is important that all factors that appear to be taken in consideration when deciding the treatment.General principles of medical management of kidney disease include anti-hypertensive drugs to control increased blood pressure, diuretic agents to help eliminate excess fluid, changes in the diet to control the intake of salt, proteins and calories. These are very important in lupus nephritis.

Corticosteroids are often used to treat lupus nephritis. We can mention here prednisolone, prednisone and methylprednisolone. There still are some unanswered question about how corticosteroids work and how they may be most effectively used. Usual, high doses of corticosteroids are given until there appears improvement in the lupus nephritis. Then , the dose is reduced, but there is done a careful observation by the physician to make sure that the nephritis doesn’t get worse.If corticosteroids are given for long periods, there can appear side effects, like easy bruising, increase in appetite and fluid retention with weight gain, cataracts, thinning of the hair, an increase in the risk of infection, diabetes and other.

When patients do not respond at corticosteroid treatment, they are given Cytotoxic or immunosuppressive drugs such as azathioprine or cyclophosphamide. The effect of these drugs is to block the function of the immune system.As a result, further damage to the kidneys is prevented. However, even if these drugs may be beneficial, they can also bring serious complications.

Although there is appropriate treatment, there are patients that develop progressive loss of kidney function and renal failure. This requires the use of artificial dialysis, and that can be done by hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis.Also, it can be made a kidney transplantation, and it is known that this has been very successful in patients with renal failure from lupus nephritis.

Over the years, science advanced in the understanding of what causes lupus nephritis, and there were made improvements in ways to treat patients.

For more resources about discoid lupus please review this http://www.lupus-guide.com/lupus-treatment.htm or even http://www.lupus-guide.com/discoid-lupus.htm



Jean

Jeremy Seaver asked:


Healthy kidneys scour your blood by removing spare fluid, minerals and wastes. They also make hormones that keep your bones spicy and your blood strong. Nevertheless if the kidneys are broken, they don’t work right. Harmful wastes can construct up in your body. Your blood strained may increase. Your body may save surplus fluid and not make enough red blood cells. This is called kidney fiasco.

Kidney fiasco means you have some decisions to make about your heal. You may pick to skip dealing. If you choose to gather dealing, your choices embrace hemodialysis, which requires a device worn to filter your blood beyond your body; peritoneal dialysis, which uses the lining of your stomach to filter your blood inside the body; and kidney transplantation, in which a new kidney is sited in your body. Each handling has advantages and disadvantages. Your range of treatment will have a big effect on your day-today lifestyle, such as being able to keep a job if you are effective. You are the only one who could decide what means most to you.

Kidneys are also the finds of erythropoietin in the body, a hormone that stimulates the bone heart to make red blood cells. Special cells in the kidney observer the oxygen concentration in blood. If oxygen levels tumble, erythropoietin levels arise and the body starts to manufacture more red blood cells. After the kidneys filter blood, the urine is excreted through the ureter, a weaken tube that connects it to the bladder. It is then stored in the bladder awaiting urination, when the bladder sends the urine out of the body through the urethra.

Causes

Extremely low blood stress: Severe flow, infection in the bloodstream (sepsis), dehydration or shock can all guide to a drastic bead in blood make that prevents an adequate quantity of blood from success your kidneys. Dangerously low blood coerced tends to hunt traumatic injury.

Glomerulonephritis is the inflammation and scratch of the filtration usage of the kidneys and can origin kidney breakdown. Postinfectious conditions and lupus are among the many causes of glomerulonephritis.

Ureter obstruction: Kidney gravel in both of the tubes important from your kidneys to your bladder (ureters) - or in an unmarried ureter if only one kidney is functioning - can prevent the passage of urine, as can tumors roughly in on the ureters.

Symptoms

Unfortunately, kidney closure can have very few symptoms to begin with. As your kidney gathering declines, it will first be detected on blood tests by your doctor. Most people don’t feel any things of kidney closure during the early stages.

The tolerant is almost always out of breath because the blood is crammed with toxins, decreasing its oxygen haulage scope. Also the lungs could have water due to the water custody dipping its efficiency. This needed of oxygen throughout the body causes giddiness and recall blunder.

While you anguish from acute renal collapse, it is not a life-threatening situation and can be cured when diagnosed in time. If you ignore the acute renal breakdown symptoms and permit it to improve to return renal letdown, a calculate cure will be near impossible, even chief to loss in difficult luggage. If you have doubts that you endure from even one of the symptoms, outing your physician immediately. It could be something fully different, but if it is related with renal collapse, you could be saving a lot of evils in the potential.



Michael

keysha asked:


Complications of peritonitis are secondary diseases or symptoms.

If it’s not treated properly and early,peritonitis can have many complications such as:

~ peristalsis-the bowel contents stop moving.

~paralytic ileus-meaning the blockage of the bowel.

~ascites-the fluid from the bloodstream leaks into the abdominal cavity.

~dehydration-an excessive loss of fluids and minerals from the body.

~shock-when the body doesn’t have enough blood.

~septicaemia-blood poisoning.

~kidney,lung or liver failure.

~an abscess can form - a lump containing pus, which is made by the body during infection.

~the intestine can be blocked by a scar tissue caused by infection.

Another complication of peritonitis is peritonitis dialysis associated-is a serious inflammation of the peritoneum that occurs in patients receiving peritoneal dialysis.

The main cause of this condition is the bacteria introduced into the peritoneum during dialysis. The most common bacteria causing the infection is skin bacteria. The symptoms associated with this disease are:fever,nausea,vomiting,chills,abdominal tenderness.

To prevent peritonitis dialysis associated sterile very carefully the technique when the dialysis procedure is performed. However the infection has been diminished with new equipment design.



Lawrence

Mike Armstrong asked:


The experience in markets where critical illness covers had been sold may not have been pleasant. Results may have showed rough policy definitions, non disclosure by critical illness policyholders and moderate claims handling by insurers. This might have led to several problems. To avoid such dilemmas, a standard set of regulations may have been used to achieve a critical illness product of quality. Let’s have a look.

The critical illness definitions used can be put in such a way that questions arising about what is covered may be less. In other words, critical illness definitions explained in the policy may be clearly understandable once read. Furthermore, the critical illness policy may also specify how and when the insured person should make the company aware about a claim. Basically, the claimant may be required to present the critical illness claim in written to the company. This may be done within three months after the critical illness had struck. After this, the claimant may be also required to produce full details of the critical illness. In most of the cases, a claim form may be available so that the critical illness claim may be assessed easily and the payout made quickly.

Moreover, the critical illness policy documentation may include that before payment is done some aspects of the claim might be reviewed. For example, the company may have the right to ask for any proof related to the critical illness claim made as well as the claimant’s health at the start of the policy. Additionally, the insurer may also be able to request the claimant to undergo specific medical tests by any doctor of the company’s choice. Here, cases of non disclosure might appear which could lead to the critical illness claim being rejected. Non disclosure has been and may still be a cause of concern in the critical illness industry.

In addition to, knowing about the complexity of the critical illness conditions covered, the company might lay down some rules. Thus, in the occurrence of a critical illness claim, full clinical, radiological, histological and laboratory evidence might be recommended. They may be as follows:

Cancer

In case of a claim, it may be essential to have a copy of the histological report so that the critical illness is confirmed to be met by all the definitions set by the policy. Details about the tumour may also be required as stipulated by the International TNM Classification of Tumours.

Heart attack (myocardial infarction)

In this case, for facilitating the critical illness claim assessment, past and new ECG reports, hospital reports and laboratory evidence may be essential. Should the complete report submitted reveal that all the circumstances mentioned above are not covered, the critical illness claim might then be declined.

Stroke

Here also, medical reports may be required to confirm the presence of the critical illness at the date of claim. The report might also demand proof of the disease lasting for 24 hours and also the existence of the critical illness even after three months.

Coronary artery bypass surgery

The need for surgery for this critical illness might demand proof of a coronary angiography. A copy of the angiography report accompanied by the surgery report may be enough for the critical illness claim to be accepted.

Kidney failure

To confirm a critical illness like kidney failure, medical as well as laboratory evidence may be supplied. These evidence may include, (e.g. creatinine, creatinine clearance, urinalysis) and a confirmation that regular dialysis (hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis) is carried out.

So, looking at this data, it might therefore be essential that you read your policy well to ensure a worthwhile cover under critical illness insurance.



Gene

keysha asked:


What causes peritonitis?

The main cause of peritonitis is bacterial infection which can spread in the abdomen from somewhere else. For example if a person has a perforated bowel or appendix bacteria can get into the abdominal cavity,or even,worse,if a person suffers from perforated stomach there can be a leak of acid into the abdominal cavity.

Other causes of peritonitis can be the irritation of the peritoneum caused by an inflamed gall bladder or digestive enzymes produced by an inflamed pancreas,perforated ulcer etc.

In addition to these causes we can also mention complication of kidney or liver failure,complications of peritoneal dialysis.

Peritonitis can also appear on sexually active women suffering from pelvic inflammatory disease (the infection of the fallopian tubes and uterus that can rich into the abdomen).

If surgical procedures are not performed with maximum care and attention it can occur,for example,a trauma to the gall bladder or urinary blader. The talc or starch from a surgeon’s glove can also lead to peritonitis.

Symptoms

The first symptom is a severe abdominal pain which gets worse by movement. Other common symptomps are:fever,nausea and vomiting,thirst,fluid in the abdomen,low urine output.

If you experience one of these symptoms or your incision becomes red or puffy,you should seek medical care immediately. The risk of peritonitis can be reduced by treating on time the abdominal diseases that may cause peritonitis. If you let peritonitis untreated,it could lead to a shock or even death.



Juan

peterhutch asked:


idneys clean your blood by removing excess fluid, minerals and wastes. They also make hormones that keep your bones strong and your blood healthy. But if the kidneys are damaged, they don’t work properly. Harmful wastes can build up in your body. Your blood pressure may rise. Your body may retain excess fluid and not make enough red blood cells. This is called kidney failure.

Kidney failure means you have some decisions to make about your treatment. You may choose to forgo treatment. If you choose to receive treatment, your choices include hemodialysis, which requires a machine used to filter your blood outside your body; peritoneal dialysis, which uses the lining of your belly to filter your blood inside the body; and kidney transplantation, in which a new kidney is placed in your body. Each treatment has advantages and disadvantages. Your choice of treatment will have a big impact on your day-to-day lifestyle, such as being able to keep a job if you are working. You are the only one who can decide what means most to you.

Kidneys are also the source of erythropoietin in the body, a hormone that stimulates the bone marrow to make red blood cells. Special cells in the kidney monitor the oxygen concentration in blood. If oxygen levels fall, erythropoietin levels rise and the body starts to manufacture more red blood cells. After the kidneys filter blood, the urine is excreted through the ureter, a thin tube that connects it to the bladder. It is then stored in the bladder awaiting urination, when the bladder sends the urine out of the body through the urethra.

Causes

Extremely low blood pressure: Severe bleeding, infection in the bloodstream (sepsis), dehydration or shock can all lead to a drastic drop in blood pressure that prevents an adequate amount of blood from reaching your kidneys. Dangerously low blood pressure tends to follow traumatic injury.

Glomerulonephritis is the inflammation and damage of the filtration system of the kidneys and can cause kidney failure. Postinfectious conditions and lupus are among the many causes of glomerulonephritis.

Ureter obstruction: Kidney stones in both of the tubes leading from your kidneys to your bladder (ureters) — or in a single ureter if only one kidney is functioning — can prevent the passage of urine, as can tumors pushing in on the ureters.

Symptoms

Unfortunately, kidney failure can have very few symptoms to begin with. As your kidney function declines, it will first be detected on blood tests by your doctor. Most people don’t feel any effects of kidney failure during the early stages.

The patient is almost always out of breath because the blood is filled with toxins, decreasing its oxygen carrying capacity. Also the lungs could have water due to the water retention reducing its efficiency. This lack of oxygen throughout the body causes dizziness and memory lapse.

As long as you are suffering from acute renal failure, it is not a life-threatening situation and can be cured when diagnosed in time. If you ignore the acute renal failure symptoms and allow it to progress to chronic renal failure, a total cure will be near impossible, even leading to death in severe cases. If you have doubts that you suffer from even one of the symptoms, visit your physician immediately. It could be something totally different, but if it is connected with renal failure, you could be saving a lot of problems in the future.



Bradley

Harinder Johal asked:


Different Type of Dialysis :

Hemo dialysis and Peritoneal dialysis

Lets talk about two different sort of dialysis one by one.

What is hemo Dialysis and how it works?

In this type dialysis the blood goes through a semipermeable membrane when it is pumped to the blood compartment of the dialyzer. The dialysis machine is set up so that the blood and dialysis solution flows in opposite directions. Once the blood flows through the semipermeable membrane it is then cleaned and returns back to you body. Sometimes, instead of the 3 times a week dialysis schedule they have you come in for only 2-3 hours but more often.

Second type of dialysis is known as”Peritoneal dialysis“. In this type dialysis the dialysate is of glucose and minerals and is run through your stomach area. The dialysate is then left to clean your body of waste and pollutants and then drained and thrown away. The nice part of this treatment is that it is done at home and can even be done when your traveling. This treatment doesn’t do quite as good as hemodialysis but because it is done more often during the day the methods of cleansing your body becomes about the same

These are the two methods to cleans the blood from pollutants and to help remove fluid.



Pamela

Juliet Cohen asked:


Kidneys are a pair of organs located just behind the stomach. They filter bacteria and extra salt and water from the body. Healthy kidneys clean the blood by filtering out extra water and wastes. They also make hormones that keep your bones strong and blood healthy. Kidney failure is a serious disease which can have a major impact on life, and can ultimately be fatal. Kidney failure can happen quickly (days) or more slowly (months or years). The common causes of kidney failure are glomerulonephritis (inflammation of the kidney) and diabetes mellitus. Other causes of kidney failure are kidney stones, kidney cysts, an immune disorder called systemic lupus erythematosus, uncontrolled high blood pressure and drugs. Most people with chronic kidney failure need to take medicines.

Severe injuries or burns to your body and difficult surgery increase your risk of acute kidney failure, as can an overwhelming infection. Sometimes, a person with a life-threatening infection who receives an antibiotic, such as streptomycin or gentamicin, may go into acute kidney failure. There are three options when treating kidney failure. Hemodialysis ,Peritoneal dialysis and Kidney transplant.Hemodialysis is a procedure that cleans and filters your blood. It rids your body of harmful wastes and extra salt and fluids. It also controls blood pressure and helps your body keep the proper balance of chemicals such as potassium, sodium, and chloride. Hemodialysis uses a dialyzer, or special filter, to clean your blood. The dialyzer connects to a machine.

During treatment, your blood travels through tubes into the dialyzer. The dialyzer filters out wastes and extra fluids. Peritoneal dialysis is another technique that replaces the work of your kidneys. It removes extra water, wastes, and chemicals from your body. This type of dialysis uses the lining of your abdomen to filter your blood. There are three types of peritoneal dialysis. CAPD is the most common type of peritoneal dialysis. It needs no machine. It can be done in any clean, well-lit place. CCPD is like CAPD except that a machine, which connects to your catheter, automatically fills and drains the dialysate from your abdomen. IPD uses the same type of machine as CCPD to add and drain the dialysate. Kidney transplantation is a procedure that places a healthy kidney from another person.

Kidney Failure Treatment and Prevention Tips

1. Do not drink alcohol or use illegal.

2. Do not smoke or use other tobacco products.

3. A low-protein diet may help prevent the progression of kidney failure

4. Immunosuppressive drugs is very helpful but,require very careful monitoring.

5. Avoid taking medicines that can damage your kidneys, like ibuprofen and naproxen.

6. ACE Inhibitors / ARB’s medications have been shown to have some benefit for the kidneys.

7. When the kidneys can no longer remove enough toxins and extra fluid to keep your alive, you need dialysis.

8. Exercise may help you control diabetes and high blood pressure, which can lead to kidney disease.



Shane